Spoglio del Giacomo Antonelli, [18--]-[18--}

Antonelli, Giacomo, 1806-1876

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Giacomo Antonelli (2 April 1806 – 6 November 1876) was an Italian cardinal deacon. He was the Cardinal Secretary of State from 1848 until his death; he played a key role in Italian politics, resisting the unification of Italy and affecting Roman Catholic interests in European affairs. He was often called the "Italian Richelieu" and the "Red Pope." He was born at Sonnino near Terracina and was educated for the priesthood, but, after taking minor orders, gave up the idea of becoming a priest, and...

Vatican Council (1st : 1869-1870 : Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano)

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Catholic Church. Congregatio Sacrorum Rituum

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This congregation was established by Sixtus V as the Congregatio pro Sacris Ritibus et Caeremoniis (constitution Immensa aeterni Dei, Jan. 22, 1588). According to some authors, it absorbed a cardinalatial commission formed by Gregory XIII, as early as 1572, to reform the ceremonies of the papal chapel. Although the principal task of the new congregation was to attend to the moderation of the Latin liturgy "in all the churches of Rome and throughout the world," the bulk of its work w...

Catholic Church. Secretariatus Status

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The office of secretarius intimus (private secretary) was entrusted by Leo X (1513-1521) to Pietro Ardighello, an assistant to Cardinal Giulio de' Medici (the future Clement VII [1523-1534] and a cousin of Leo X), who took over the direction of foreign affairs dealing with all correspondence in the vernacular, especially with the apostolic nuncios who were entrusted by that time with diplomatic missions of a permanent character. The correspondence was carried on in the name but no longer under t...

Archivio vaticano

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Archives of the Church were kept from the earliest times in the Scrinium Sanctai Romanae Ecclesiae. A central archives was established by Paul V in 1612, to serve the administrative needs of the curia. The name Archivio segreto vaticano was applied later. To see a general history for the Uffici e amministrazioni palatine, enter "FIN ID VATV220-A" From the description of Agency history record. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 145569846 ...

Biblioteca apostolica vaticana

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The Scrinium of the Roman Church existed from the 4th century, functioning as both library and archives. In the 6th century it was under the Primicerius Notariorum (see ID VATV032-A). By the end of the 8th century it was headed by the Bibliothecarius, who also served as the chancellor. This library was lost in the 13th century. New collections were transferred to Avignon with the papal court, and were left there when the popes returned to Rome. The present library was founded by Nic...